in any way. The concerns are about issues or persons external to the church. The first of these is the “blasphemy of the Jews,” as just discussed. The form of this is not stated but refers to Jews who had rejected Christ as Messiah. Some Jewish believers in Smyrna might have been expelled from the synagogue because of their faith in Christ. Among Jews, the synagogue was much more than a place of worship. It sponsored Jewish worship, culture, government, education, and other daily activities. A strong
Page 174